Dedication
Table of Contents
Introduction
Preface
Having
a Feel for the Weather; Understanding the Basics; Proximity--A Key Ingredient;
Using This Book; Background Data; Our Approach at Sea
Weather
Reports; Stay In Touch; Register Your Book; Visit Us On the Internet
What
Creates the Weather?
Insolation;
Effect on The Atmosphere; Global Weather Patterns; Seasonal Variations;
Effects of Differences in Pressure; Coriolis Effect; Evaporation ; Condensation;
Weather on a Global Scale; Local Weather Patterns; Backing and Veering
Winds; Wind Flow in Highs and Lows
Birth
of a Depression; Warm Fronts; Cold Fronts; Frontal Speed; Occluded Fronts;
Stationary Fronts; Secondary Depressions
Wind
Strength; Messages in the Clouds; The Barometer; Along the South African
Coast; Wind Direction; Gust Factors; Data from Other Yachts; What the
Waves Tell You; Anomalies; Finding Pressure Centers
General
Categories of Clouds; Cirrus; Cirrocumulus; Cirrostratus; Altocumulus;
Altostratus; Stratus; Nimbostratus; Cumulonimbus; Cumulus
The
Extratropical Forecasting Process
National
Weather Service's Marine Prediction Center; Upper Level Conditions;
Computer Modeling; Forecast Cycle; Budget Issues; When You're at Sea;
Who Are the Forecasters?
Common
Terms
Antenna
Selection; Onboard Interference; Band Conditions; Receiving Voice Forecasts;
Nets and Weather Relays
Dedicated
Fax or Computer?; At the Beginning of a Passage; Symbols; Sample Fax
Charts; Interpreting Surface Fax Charts; Compression Zones; Tropical
and Subtropical Lows; Isobar Curvature and Wind Speed
Forecasting
in Three Dimensions
3-D
Low Structure; Divergence; 3-D High Structure; Convergence; Upper-Level
Westerlies; Meandering Upper-Level Winds; Ridges and Troughs
500mb
Fax Charts; The Professional's View; Surface Weather Review; What Is
a 500mb Contour?; Relative Heights; 5,640-Meter Height Contour; Rules
of Thumb; 500mb Atmospheric Waves; Long Waves; Short Waves; Wave Interaction;
Picking Out Waves; Short Waves and Surface Lows; Short Wave Trough Life
Cycle; Short Wave Trough Interaction; Zonal Pattern; Streams of Flow;
Meridional Pattern; Topographic Influences; Ridge Blocking Patterns;
Cut-Off Lows; Making Use of 500mb Charts; When Isoheights Are Missing;
In the Tropics
Forecasting
500mb Behavior
Zonal
to Meridional Transition; Meridional Behavior; Trough Axis Orientation;
Cut-Off Low Triggers; Longer Term Weather Patterns; Using Cloud Patterns;
Trough Axis Rotation
Surface
to 500mb Offset; Zonal to Meridional Flow; Cut-Off Low Development;
Ridge Blocking; Confirming 500mb Projections
Jet
Stream Components; The Jet Stream in Winter; Cloud Signatures
"Normal"
Depressions; N. Hemisphere Wind Direction; S. Hemisphere Wind Direction;
Wind Strength; Sea State; Basic Decisions; Favored Tack; Running Before
a Depression; Favored Jibe; Reaching Across Depressions
Frontal
Structure; Warm Core; Satellite Images; Wind-Field Structure; Warning
Signs; Avoidance Tactics; Christmas 1997; Cloud Signatures
June
1, 1994; The Low Deepens; Tactics; What Should Have Happened?; A Meteorologist's
View; Reality--Heart of Gold; Details; 500mb View; 500mb Hindsight;
Was This a Bent Back Warm Front?
Lapse
Rates; Upper Atmosphere Requirements; Squall Watch; Predicting Squall
Strength; Taking Advantage of the Wind; Getting Away from the Wind;
Within the Squall; During the Day; Watch the Barometer; Line Squalls;
Land-Generated Thunderheads; Thunder and Lightning; Microbursts; Clear-Air
Microbursts; A Final Warning
Towards
the Australs; An El Nino Year?; Using a Front to Start; Time to Go;
Heading Offshore; In Retrospect; High-Seas Broadcast Weather
Rangiroa
Circulation
About a High; Keep an Eye on Development; Westerly Tradewinds; Highs
are Rarely Stable; On Top of the High; Below the High; Unfriendly Highs
Tropical
Prediction Center; Tropical Synoptic Charts
Storm
Genesis; Tropical Waves; Organized Circulation; Maturation; Steering
Currents; Risk of Recurving; Speed of Movement; Tropical Storm Geography;
Tropical Storm Forecasts; Where to Get Forecasts; Seasons; Macro Forecasting
Factors; Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale; Recap; Life Cycle of a Hurricane;
Diurnal Factors; Early Warning Signs; As the Storm Approaches; The Bar;
Weather Fax Data; Dangerous Semicircle; Early Warning with Satellites;
How Early Do You React?
Introduction;
Development in General; Satellite Observations of Tropical Cyclones;
Early Stages of Tropical Cyclogenisis; Curved Band (Coiling) Stage;
Embedded Center Stage; Cloud-Pattern Variability; Arrested Development
and Weakening; Additional Tropical Cyclone Cloud Patterns; Diurnal Effects;
Cloud Patterns Associated with Tropical Cyclone Motion; A Model of Tropical
Cyclone Development
Hurricane
Avoidance Tactics
Boat
and Crew Factors; Sea Room; Sheltered Conditions; Finding the Storm
Center; Establishing the Storm Track; Navigable Semicircle; Courses
of Action; Equator Side of the Storm Track; Passaging in Hurricane Season
Communications;
Costs; Discussing Your Needs; Trade-offs; Performance Factors
Nuka
Hiva; Tactics; Hurricane Linda; Depression 15E; Tropical Storm Marty;
Nora Matures; Approaching the Coast
San
Juanico; Heading North; The Barometer Plummets; Reaching on Starboard
Tack; In Hindsight; Outside Information; Transition Mechanics
Tropical
to Extratropical Transition of Hurricanes
Warning
Signs; Speed of Movement;Tactics; Seasonal Issues
September
1, 1998; September 2; September 3; September 4; Tactics
North
Pacific
September
16, 1998; September 17; September 18; September 19
500mb
Prog Charts
Return from Hawaii
Leaving
Port; Making Northing; Cutting Across the High;
Advection/Sea
Fog; Where Do You Find Sea Fog?; Forecasting Sea Fog; Radiation Fog;
Using a Sling Psychrometer
Land
Mass Compression; The Sea Breeze; Down-slope (Katabatic) Winds; Headlands;
Special Acceleration Situations; Long Narrow Bays; Coastal Tactics;
Holes in the Wind
South
Africa; Coastal Tactics; The Gulf Stream; Thermal-Based Weather; Current;
Cape Hatteras Weather; Gulf Stream Crossing Tactics
Philosophy;
Atypical Weather Patterns; Pilot Charts; Sailing Directions; Equinoctial
Gale Season; Tropical vs. Mid-Latitude Storms; Tropics; Against the
Trades; High Latitudes; Mid-Latitude Considerations; Extreme Temperature
Gradients; Hurricane Seasons; The Herd Mentality; Playing the Odds;
Long-Term Cruising
Crossing
Tactics; What to Expect; Using Radar
Tropical
and Extratropical Storm Size Comparison
Weather Windows
Boat
Speed; Know Your Capabilities; Weather System Speed; Relative Direction;
Defining a Good Window; U.S. East Coast Departure
Working
with Local Forecasters
Risk
Assessment; Weather Cycles; Unusual Local Conditions; Discussing Weather
Windows
Tropical
Review; Extratropical Review
Weather
Forecasting Tools
Priorities;
Barometer; Facsimile Receivers; Wind Instruments
Range
and Power; Antenna Size; Control Settings; Use with Squalls; Frontal
Systems; Weather Alarm; On Watch
Satellite
Direct Receivers
Satellite
Direct Suppliers; Weather Routing Software
As a
Teaching Tool; Practice!; Suggested Web Sites; GRIB Files; Vis5D
Afterword
Additional References
Books
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